History
44BC: A Roman philosopher by the name of Antistiuis had done the first autopsy on Caesar. Although he had been stabbed 23 times he discover that only the 2nd stab was fatal causing Caesar. (C.9)
1547: This date was the beginning of Pathology. Dr. Ambroise Pare had discovered in a war that battle wound effect the organs and he then wrote a book on treatments caused by firearms or arrows. (C.9)
Above is a portrait of Dr. Ambroise Pare and an autopsy (I.3) (I.5)
The image to the right is a puzzle that is just as simple as the two papers matching in the incident to the right. (I.4)
The image to the righ is Karl Landsteiner and below is the four useful blood groups he discovered. (I.1) (I.6)
1784: In Lancaster, England a man had been convicted of murder using a pistol. They discovered a bullet in the wound with paper used to secure the powder and balls and the muzzle. This paper was the missing piece to a newspaper in the suspects pocket. This was the first case of physical matching. The two different papers found connected as if a simple puzzle. (C.9)
1814: Matthieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (1787–1853) published the first scientific paper on the detection of poisons. He was often called the “Father of Toxicology” and he was the first great 19th- century exponent of forensic medicine. (C.3) (C.4)
1854: R. F. Borkenstein, captain of the Indiana State Police, invented the Breathalyzer for field sobriety testing. This is the same tool used to test suspected drunk drivers and gives the concentration of alcohol in the users system. (C.5)
1892: Francis Galton publishes first book of classifying fingerprints which was used in solving crimes. (C.3)
1901: Karl Landsteiner lived in Vienna, Australia and discovered the four basic blood groups which include: A, B, AB, and O. In 1930 he won Nobel Prize for his work on differentiating the blood groups. Landsteiner died on June 26, 1943, of a heart attack while still working at his laboratory in New York. (C.3) (C.8)
1910: Edmond Locard founded a small police laboratory that was dedicated to forensic science physical evidence in Lyon, France. (C.6)
1915: Leone Lattes: He developed a method that can determine a blood group from a sample of a dried bloodstain. This method has provided a much quicker and efficient way. (C.3)
1924: August Vollmer established the first crime lab in Los Angeles California. Vollmer was a chief police in Berkley, California where he moved to when he was fifteen. He became a law enforcement professor and scholar at the universities of Chicago and California. At age 79 he committed suicide shooting himself with his revolver because he had cancer and Parkinson’s disease and did not want to become a burden (C.6)(C.7)
1980: Ray White: Described first technique to detect variation in human DNA. Variations allow present scientists to compare different DNA samples and can eventually find a match from say, saliva at a crime scene and a DNA sample in CODIS (Combined DNA Index System). (C.3)
1996: The FBI introduced computerized searches of the AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) fingerprint database. Live scan and card scan devices allowed interdepartmental submissions. (C.5)
The picture to the left is of August Vollmer working at his desk (I.2)